Which category triggers intermediate scrutiny under equal protection analysis?

• A. Suspect classifications like race.
• B. Quasi-suspect classifications such as gender.
• C. All others.
• D. Economic classifications only.

Answer: (B)

When courts analyze equal protection, they use levels of scrutiny based on the type of classification a law creates. Intermediate scrutiny applies to quasi-suspect classifications—gender is the classic example. Under this standard, the law must be substantially related to an important government objective, a higher hurdle than rational basis but not as stringent as strict scrutiny.

Race or national origin are treated as suspect classifications and trigger strict scrutiny, requiring a compelling government interest and narrow tailoring. Economic classifications typically fall under rational basis review, which is a far lighter standard. So the category that triggers intermediate scrutiny is quasi-suspect classifications such as gender.